Boeing 777 Flight Crew Training Manual
My experience is only with light airplanes (excepting military, which is a completely different animal). I think the Operating Manual may be more generic in nature, ie.
Cessna 172N, where the Flight Manual is specific to a particular airframe, ie. Cessna 172N N1234. However, since the terms are often used interchangeably, I would have the library files refer to BOTH publications. Found this on the Net: AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUALS An airplane flight manual is a document developed by the airplane manufacturer and approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It is specific to a particular make and model airplane by serial number and contains operating procedures and limitations.
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 91 requires that pilots comply with the operating limitations specified in the approved airplane flight manuals, markings, and placards. Originally, flight manuals followed whatever format and content the manufacturer felt was appropriate. This changed with the acceptance of the General Aviation Manufacturers Association’s (GAMA) Specification for Pilot’s Operating Handbook, which established a standardized format for all general aviation airplane and rotorcraft flight manuals. The Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) is developed by the airplane manufacturer and contains the FAA-approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) information. However, if Pilot’s Operating Handbook is used as the main title instead of Airplane Flight Manual, a statement must be included on the title page indicating that sections of the document are FAA-approved as the Airplane Flight Manual. Figure 7-1 An airplane owner/information manual is a document developed by the airplane manufacturer containing general information about the make and model of airplane.
The airplane owner’s manual is not FAA-approved and is not specific to a particular serial numbered airplane. This manual provides general information about the operation of the airplane and is not kept current, and therefore cannot be substituted for the AFM/POH. Besides the preliminary pages, a POH may contain as many as ten sections.
These sections are: General; Limitations; Emergency Procedures; Normal Procedures; Performance; Weight and Balance/Equipment List; Systems Description; Handling, Service, and Maintenance; and Supplements. Manufacturers have the option of including a tenth section on Safety Tips, as well as an alphabetical index at the end of the POH. PRELIMINARY PAGES While the AFM/POH may appear similar for the same make and model of airplane, each manual is unique since it contains specific information about a particular airplane, such as the equipment installed and weight and balance information. Therefore, manufacturers are required to include the serial number and registration on the title page to identify the airplane to which the manual belongs. If a manual does not indicate a specific airplane registration and serial number, it is limited to general study purposes only. Most manufacturers include a table of contents, which identifies the order of the entire manual by section number and title.
Usually, each section also contains its own table of contents. Page numbers reflect the section and page within that section (1-1, 1-2, 2-1, 3-1, and so forth). If the manual is published in loose-leaf form, each section is usually marked with a divider tab indicating the section number or title, or both.
The Emergency Procedures section may have a red tab for quick identification and reference. The (FAA, or the aviation authority responsibly for type approval) Flight Manual is mostly a performance document.
A copy for the particular aircraft must be found onboard that a/c (softcopy on pilots Electronic Flight Bag is approved.) I was told when I attended training at Boeing in 1989 that 'no sane pilot ever looks in the Flight Manual'. I have adhered religiously to that.
The Operating Manual (nowadays Flight Crew Operating Manual FCOM) is issued to pilots by their operator and is usually fleet specific. It describes procedures and systems (today in much less details than in the past.). Thank you copter808 and natflyer. Pan Am researchers are going to love you. Would it be accurate to say that the terms are used interchangeably, but the documents are in fact different, and the biggest differences are that: the flight manual is issued by the FAA which mandates that every aircraft carry one, and the a flight manual is written for every new variation of a model; whereas, the operating manual is written by the manufacturer, and operating manuals are generally written for new models, but not variations of models, so flight manuals are more specific than operating manuals. Quoting : Thanks for your reply, NAS679A3W, it explains a lot.
Would you say that flight manuals were designed to be used by pilots and operating manuals were designed to be used by engineers and mechanics? No, they are both for the use of the flight crew, which is usually just pilots these days.
Flight Crew Movie
Maintenance crews use the maintenance manuals and wiring manuals primarily. An operating manual is of less use to them. Quoting : I was told when I attended training at Boeing in 1989 that 'no sane pilot ever looks in the Flight Manual'. I have adhered religiously to that. I suspect they had their tongue in cheek when saying that.
If you don't look at the Flight Manual (i.e. FCOM) performance data how could you calculate takeoff and landing performance, for example. They aren't a riveting read but they are essential for reference. Quoting : A Flight Manual is airplane specific (can be the same for a lot of planes but still applicable to a single tailnumber).
Operating manuals can cover a few different subtypes, e.g. B757-200s and -300s can be covered in the same manual. A manual for every single tailnumber implies a different flight manual for every single aircraft.
I've seen flight manuals covering more than one subtype too. Each page is of course clearly labelled what type it is applicalbe to. The 737 FCOM covers all current versions of the 737, including performance, procedures and systems variations for each.
Flight Crew Checklist
Some large airline operators do generate their own operating manuals for their specific fleet but aircraft manufacturers issue a standard version to operators who can't or don't do so. Pan Am used to generate their own and very good they were too. My experience of these manuals began with the 727 era and in those days what Boeing called the Operations Manual had two volumes, Volume 1 was the performance data and procedures, essentially what people refer to as the flight manual. Volume 2 had the systems descriptions. The same is essentially true today only they are now called FCOM volume 1 and 2. Airbus use the same name (FCOM) but at least three volumes. Fokker used to call them the AOM (Aircraft Operating Manual).
Different names but all essentially the same thing. Quoting : I suspect they had their tongue in cheek when saying that.
If you don't look at the Flight Manual (i.e. FCOM) performance data how could you calculate takeoff and landing performance, for example. They aren't a riveting read but they are essential for reference. Performance data at that time was in Volume 3 of the Boeing Operations Manual.
This contained information for Flight Crew use. Boeing did away with Volume 3 when they went to the small size FCOM and took out half the information. Quoting : My experience of these manuals began with the 727 era and in those days what Boeing called the Operations Manual had two volumes, Volume 1 was the performance data and procedures, essentially what people refer to as the flight manual. Volume 2 had the systems descriptions. The same is essentially true today only they are now called FCOM volume 1 and 2. Douglas called it Operating Manual (they just had to be different from Boeing), and I still have the DC-8 sets from two operators. Kinda nostalgic.
For this particualr ac the Flight manual is a list of data and procedures (i.e engine inoperative etc) for the flight crew. The FCOM only contains data but not procedures. FCOM PURPOSE The Flight Crew Operating Manual (FCOM) is the support documentation for flight crews. It provides them with the necessary information about the operational, technical, procedural, and performance characteristics of the XXX aircraft family, to ensure safe and efficient operations of the aircraft during normal and abnormal/emergency situations, that may occur on ground, or in flight.
The manual is not designed to provide basic jet aircraft piloting techniques, or information, that are considered as basic airmanship for trained flight crews that are familiar with that type of aircraft and with its general handling characteristics. The FCOM is intended to be used: ‐ Directly as flight crew operating manual or to provide operators with a basis for their development of a customized airline operations manual, in accordance with applicable requirements ‐ As a comprehensive reference guide during initial and refresher flight crew training. Practical and training-oriented information is addressed in the Flight Crew Training Manual (FCTM).Refer to FCTM/OP-10 Introduction. Moreover, the FCOM is not intended to be used for teaching basic piloting skills.
The Flight Crew Operating Manual complements the approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM). If the data contained in this manual differs from the data in the AFM, the AFM remains the reference. Quoting : The (FAA, or the aviation authority responsibly for type approval) Flight Manual is mostly a performance document. A copy for the particular aircraft must be found onboard that a/c (softcopy on pilots Electronic Flight Bag is approved.) That is how I know it too Quoting : The Operating Manual (nowadays Flight Crew Operating Manual FCOM) is issued to pilots by their operator and is usually fleet specific. It describes procedures and systems (today in much less details than in the past.). Quoting : No, they are both for the use of the flight crew, which is usually just pilots these days. Maintenance crews use the maintenance manuals and wiring manuals primarily.
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An operating manual is of less use to them. Operating Manuals in my world (large commercial aircraft) cover the operation of the airline, covering everything from General operations, cabin crew manual, ground handling manual, training manual, etc. Thank you all so much. Quoting : PhilBy, your example states that the FCOM may be used 'to provide operators with a basis for their development of a customized airline operations manual.' For this specific ac family in the operational domaine the manufacturer provides AFM - airrcraft flight manual FCOM - Flight Crew operating manual CCOM - Cabin Crew operating manual CAOM - Cabin Attendant operating manual FCTM - Flight Crew training manual MMEL - Minimum Master Equipment List QRH - Quick Reference Handbook WBM - Weights and Balance Manual The data and procedures in these are fairly generic to the ac family but taking into account modification status and customisation.
Each airline in addition has it own operational procedures (preferences) which it must specify in it's own operating manuals that have nothing to do with the manufacturer but mustn't exceed the limits specified by the manufacturer (i.e which catering cart to store the spirits in, what order to load baggage, whether to allow cattle class to visit the business class facilities etc). I'm sure that there are some who can expand on these. Every type from fighters to helicopters from air forces around the globe Props and jets from the good old days Views from inside the cockpit Passenger cabin shots showing seat arrangements as well as cargo aircraft interior Pictures of great freighter aircraft Aircraft flying government officials Our large helicopter section. Both military and civil versions Everything from the Goodyear blimp to the Zeppelin Beautiful shots taken while the sun is below the horizon Accident, incident and crash related photos Photos taken by airborne photographers of airborne aircraft Aircraft painted in beautiful and original liveries Airport overviews from the air or ground Tail and Winglet closeups with beautiful airline logos.